We are glad to continue our previous discussion about role of sound in our life, especially that sound which is produced by our favourite music devices! As you remember the previous article has ended on the point which was about central speaker and its horizontal variant! So in this article we are to discover the information about sub buffers! Sub buffers are the systems of infra short frequencies stereophonic reproduction. Earlier sub buffers had been used in 3-D Phonic system with two small satellites for bass playback. Actually sub buffers are indispensable devices in sets of small speakers in home theatres. They are perfect in sound effects transmission for floor acoustic system of very big dimensions. Sometimes it happens that for the first look modest music box can considerably “shake” your room and of course in consequence the relations with neighbors can be wounded. Digital Dolby Digital format and DTS have given the birth to development of rear channels for sound transmission. Firstly already existing central rear channel has divided into two stereo. This has led to more realistic sound environment during movie watching. For the completeness of perceived sound waves these rear channels produce the whole frequency diapason we hear today. The floor models of acoustics produced in the same line as frontal stereo acoustics are the best as rear acoustic systems today. But some producers turn out special acoustics for dubbing of the rear. And as a perfect variant for business persons who possess big out-of-town mansions there are set of absolutely identical big speakers for the rear and the front. This is the most expensive but at the same time is the most zero-risk variant. Seven and multi channel formats of recording still didn’t introduced anything new in acoustics development. For the dubbing of central rear channel there is the same center as there is for dubbing of the main central channel. For additional rear channels the speakers which are used for main rear can be used. Or for example you can be used smaller speakers. Acoustics besides its purpose is also divided by its constructional features. To these features the following can be related: dimensions, the material of a frame, structure and design of loudspeakers.
Dimensions of the frame
Speakers can be divided into two parts on visual basis. Depending on frame’s dimensions acoustics can be floor and shelf installed. These are two main types of acoustics and their naming means much. The floor acoustics is always of big dimensions and it is often installed on the floor, sometimes on special stands. The chambers for sand filling up are interesting decision for frames of some floor acoustics. This way helps to improve the system’s steadiness and make the sound better. Shelves’ models are meant for their installation on book shelves, special stands or for hanging up on a wall by special blackets. The variety of shelves’ acoustics is so called satellites. These speakers are not of big sizes. They are often produced as a complete set in one box and they are intended for not expensive systems of home theatres of the first level. In other cases it is recommended to acquire satellites by the piece in any quantity because this will let you to broaden finished system up to desired configuration. Satellites often have stylish and offbeat appearance and they are able to supplement adequately an interior of any modern house. However for these acoustic systems the use of sub buffer is necessary because their small dimensions of frames and loudspeakers are not able to make basic constituent parts of the sound. And one more very interesting design – build in acoustics. It features such advantages as absolute imperceptibility of speakers and moreover they don’t occupy much space in the room. To the negative sides of this variant can be related the following: the complication in installation of these systems.
The frame
The sound of assembled acoustic system depends on the material from which it is made and on the frame’s structure. Today the most part of speakers are made of MDF (medium-density fibreboard: a wood-substitute material used in interior decoration). In recent times aluminum is used more often in production of speakers. This material lets to shape frames of acoustics absolutely differently. Moreover aluminum is quite durable and non-expensive material.
Two main types of acoustics design used in acoustic systems frames are closed frame and phase inverter.
Phase inverter is a passive sound emitter which presents of itself an outside pipe o which a low-frequency loudspeaker is loaded. This helps to obtain more deep bass but very often leads to worsening of expressiveness of low frequencies and their bad articulation. Another construction is a closed frame. It is deprive of such frills. The boxes of such constructions are closed tightly. Sometimes it influences on decrease of low frequencies level. In such case it is hard to give any recommendations because all depends on your desire and taste.
Dynamics and crossovers
Having looked at modern acoustic system it can be seen that it has several dynamics of different dimensions at once. It is easy to understand that each of them is responsible for giving definite sound to special sound diapason. Sometimes there are two dynamics or sometimes even more. It is accepted to consider that the more there are the number of such dynamics the better the clearness of sound reproduction of particular acoustic system. Of course this true but only in case when inexpensive dynamics’ heads are used. In Hi-End systems of many companies two dynamics are often installed and this does not prevent from excellent transmission of the whole spectrum of sound frequencies.
The diffusers are produced from contemporary low frequency dynamics which are made of such materials as compressed paper, plastic, wattled aramid fiber and aluminum. In contemporary speakers separate high-frequency dynamics – so-called tweeters are applied. Special dynamics or one low-frequency dynamic is responsible for the work of speakers in medium frequency diapason. Also sometimes it is possible to see two identical sound emitters. For the division of frequencies inside the acoustic system crossovers are responsible. Sometimes they are called dividing filters. The number of bands of acoustics depends on the crossover’s construction. The sound usually comes into the acoustic system by one pair of wires. The definite filter is to divide this signal into constituent parts of frequencies’ groups – high, medium and low in case of three band construction or into high-frequency and medium-frequency if in case of two band construction and then to direct them to corresponding dynamics. The multi wired connection of speakers to booster is not a rare case. In this case the signal passing the filter is directed to the necessary dynamics. Often this method is better than that with filter use because it excludes excess distortion of the sound. The only problem is the booster. The booster must be able to be connected. In other case you need to have two different boosters. Besides that acoustic systems can be active or passive. The active acoustic systems feature each band of frequencies (actually every dynamic) which is connected directly to boosters. Dividing filters are active and they are on the entrance of boosters but not on the exit and this provides better quality of sound. Moreover it is easier to tune up active filter than passive filter. That is why in serial production conditions it provides the better quality of filtration. Active speakers have the volume control which increases the convenience of its operation. But the main disadvantage of this type of acoustic systems is the necessity of admission the linear signal and voltage to each speaker. This makes particular complications during connection process. The passive acoustics requires the availability of external booster. In order to choose correctly the most proper acoustic system for your home theatre it is necessary to decide on some parameters:
Capacity. This point concerns such questions as diapason of capacity making for passive acoustics and the capacity of build in booster for active acoustics. The unit of power is watt. The lack of power can bring such problem as volume quality and the dynamics of reproduction. However the exit capacity of booster must not be higher than the acoustics’ capacity as it can cause the mechanical damage of dynamics. If consider the dimensions of your living area than the acoustic system with capacity of 60-80 watt will be good enough for the room of 17 square metres at most. If the floor space is about 20-30 square meters than the capacity should be of about 100 watt. For the larger floor space (more than 30 square metres) the acoustics with capacity of 150 watt is needed.
Sensitivity. The higher the sensitivity of the system will be the louder sound it can produce while with specified capacity. You can have not so powerful booster using the acoustics of high sensitivity and vice versa. For example the sense number of 85 decibel/watt means that the system is able to make the sound pressure of 85 decibel at 1 metre distance from the dynamic which is 1 watt capacity. The sensitivity of ordinary acoustics is between 84-102 decibels. It is known that the sensitivity of 84-102 decibels is low, 89-92 decibels is medium and 94-102 decibels is high. In order to increase the volume 2 times it is enough to augment the sensitivity just by 1 decibel whereas the capacity should be increased in several times. Thus in general the higher the sensitivity the better it is. However you should remember that powerful booster can easily damage very sensitive loudspeakers.
The diapason of reproduced frequencies – is the spectrum of frequencies within the limits of which it has plane amplitude frequency characteristics in other words it can reliably reproduce the audio signal. It is widely known that human acoustic organs perceive the sound frequency from 20 to 20 000 hertz. However sound signal features compound structure that is to say it consists of constituent parts with different frequencies and including those which exceed limits of audible diapason. That is why for greatest precise sound reproduction the producers of boosters and of acoustic systems as well try to achieve the diapason frequencies of over 20 000 hertz. If it is planned to use sub buffer (the diapason of 2-250 hertz) than the frequency diapason of the rest of the acoustics may not include low frequency interval. Otherwise the acoustic system should reproduce the whole sound diapason (from 20 to 40 000 hertz).
The whole diversity of contemporary acoustics is of good quality. Frankly today nobody produce acoustics of low quality because it is not profitable. The main difference you should consider is the way of sounding of various acoustic systems and as consequence the compatibility with the rest of the equipment. Also it will be nice to lend an ear to common sense and to try to make the really good choice accounting for all technique characteristics of the system and conditions in which it will work while choosing the speakers.